8ENG 2.2 The House-builder

 

2.2 The House-builder

House-builder- घर बनवणारा 

retirement- निवृत्ती 

occupation- व्यवसाय 

job- काम , नोकरी ,कठीण काम 

particular- खास, विशेष, विशिष्ट 

retire- निवृत्त 

reasons- कारण 

compel- सक्ती करणे ,भाग पाडणे 

spend- घालवणे, खर्च करणे ,घालवणे 

social work- सामाजिक कार्य, समाजसेवा 

professionals- व्यवसाय 

construction- बांधकाम 

Architect- वास्तुविशारद 

designs- डिझाइन तयार करतो.

Engineer- अभियंता / इंजिनियर

ensures- खात्री करा

Building contractor - इमारत ठेका धरणारा 

Carpenter- सुतार 

Interior decorator - आतील सजावट करणारा

Warming up!
Chit-chat
(Useful  Question for Dialogue)
Make groups and discuss the following:
(1) What is retirement from occupation?
Ans. Retirement from occupation means, you stop doing your job, work, etc. because you have reached a particular age.
(2) When do people retire?
Ans. People generally retire at the age  of 60. Some retire before 60 also.
(3) For what reasons do people have to retire from their occupation?
Ans. Old age is the main reason for having retirement from occupation. Sometimes health-problems also compel some people to retire. Some people who lived successful life for a long time, decide to retire for living with their families and enjoy a happy alife.
(4) How do people spend their time after retirement?
Ans. After retirement most people spend their time with their families, some enjoy their incomplete hobbies and some do social work of their liking.

Discuss and match the professionals involved in construction with the work they do.
Ans. (1) Architect - plans and designs structure
(2) Engineer - ensures structure will be strong and stable
(3) Building contractor - supervises construction, employs workers, professionals, etc.
(4) Carpenter - makes wooden framework of doors, windows, etc.
(5) Mason - builds walls, roof, etc. and plasters
(6) Tiler - does the flooring
( 7) Interior decorator - beautifies the inside of  a home.

Language Study

Syllables (सिलबल्झ ) - शब्दावयव

एखादया शब्दाचा उच्चार एका स्वराच्या (Vowel च्या) ध्वनीने निश्चित होतो; उदा., man या शब्दाचा (उच्चार त्यातील 'a' या स्वरामुळे 'मॅन' असा होतो. म्हणजे तो एकच syllable (शब्दावयव) असलेला शब्द आहे. syllable हा असा शब्द असतो किंवा उच्चाराचा असा एक भाग असतो की ज्याच्यामध्ये एका स्वराचा ध्वनी असतो. म्हणजे तो शब्द एक शब्दावयव असलेला शब्द असतो. उदा., pen. delicate या शब्दात तीन syllables आहेत.

एक syllable असलेले शब्द: to , get, will, see, etc.

दोन syllables असलेले शब्द : fa-ther, ma- son, buil-der, etc.

तीन syllables असलेले शब्द : en-gin-eer, car-pen-ter, cons-truc-tion, etc.

Write down names of any five of your classmates and break them up into
syllables. Write down the number of syllables in each of their names.
Ans.
Name
(1) Raj (2) Raghav (3) Nirmala (4) Rajeshwari
( 5 ) Pandhari
Ans : No. of syllables (1) 1, (2) 2, (3) 3 , (4) 4
(5) 3.

NEW  WORDS

mason - गवंडी
worked for - च्या साठी
a building contractor - इमारत कंत्राटदार
always - नेहमी
strive -  strove (PT)
strive-  प्रयत्नांची पराकाष्ठा करणे
perfection- परिपूर्णता, प्राविण्य , बिनचूक
As soon as -  लवकरात लवकर
had been designed - डिझाइन तयार केले
by - कडून , करवी
architect - वास्तुविद्याविशारद , इमारतीचे नकाशे तयार करणारा
details - तपशील
finalized - अंतिम रूप देेणे

engineer- अभियंता , इंजिनिअर 

contractor - कंत्राटदार, ठेकेदार
would send - पाठवतो ,
leave the responsibility - जबाबदारी सोपावतात
wasting - नाश करणे , वाया घालवणे .
without wasting any time - वेळ वाया न घालवता .
take great interest - मोठ्या खुशीने
dedication - निष्ठा
full dedication- पूर्ण निष्ठेने
He made sure - त्याने खात्री केली
construction material - बांधकाम साहित्य
high quality - उच्च दर्जाचे
the measurements - मोजमापे
doorways - प्रवेशद्वारे
arches - कमानी
perfect - परिपूर्ण
excellent - उत्कृष्ट
appealing - आकर्षक, केविलवाणाा, मनमोहक
whatever- जे काही
built- बांधले
owners - मालक
satisfied - समाधानी
because of - च्या मुळे, च्या कारणाने
zeal - आवेश, उत्साह, उमेद ,आस्था
diligence - परिश्रम, व्यासंग, दिर्घोद्योग ,मेहनत
loyalty - निष्ठा , विश्वासूपणा
persistence - चिकाटी
great demand  - मोठी मागणी
fetched good business - धंदा तेजीत आणणे
subsequently- त्यानंतर 
recompensed - प्रतिकृती 
handsomely- सुबकपणे
salary - वेतन , पगार
a very good salary- अगदी चांगला पगार
meet the needs - गरजा भागतात
sufficiently- पुरेसे
scarcity- टंचाई , तुटवडा, चणचण, दुर्भिक्ष्य
without any scarcity - कोणत्याही अडचणीशिवाय
thus - अशा प्रकारे
continued working - काम चालू ठेवले
with great devotion - भक्ती, एकनिष्ठपणा
for many years- अनेक वर्षे , अनेक वर्षांसाठी
till - पर्यंत
became - बनला, बनली, बनले
till he became a grandfather - तो आजोबा बने पर्यंत
then he decided - नंतर त्याने ठरवले
it was time to retire - ती निवृत्त होण्याची वेळ होती.
spend time - वेळ घालवला , वेळ व्यतीत केला
playing with his grandchildren- त्याच्या नातवंडासोबत खेळत
being a firm minded person- दृढनिश्चयी व्यक्ती बनणे
he informed - त्यांनी माहिती दिली , त्याने कळवले
his decision - त्याचा निर्माण
retire - निवृत्त
disheartened-  निराश झाला
to lose - गमावणे, हरवणे
such - अशा , इतका
an excellent workman - उत्कृष्ट कारागीर, अव्वल कामगार
urged- विनंती केली, गळ घातली, आग्रह केला
but to no avail - परंतु उपयोग झाला नाही
made up his mind -  त्याला  मनाने राजी  केले
refused - नकार दिला
refused to carry on- चालू ठेवायला नकार दिला
finally- अखेरीस, शेवटी
convinced - खात्री पटली
beautiful and convenient site - सुंदर सोयीच्या स्थळी
as a special favour - खास मर्जी नुसार
agreed - सहमत झाला
to do so - असे करायला
reluctance- अनिच्छेने, नाखुषीने
either- एकतर, दोहोंपैकी एक
sought-after  location-  निवडलेल्या ठिकाणी
location - स्थळ, आढळ, ठिकाण 

Page No. 31
carelessly- निष्काळजीपणे
without interest - निरस , निरिच्छा
without dedication - निष्ठा न ठेवता
low quality - हलक्या दर्जाचा
but he did not care- पण त्याने काळजी घेतली नाही
job- काम
haste- घाई ,धांदल , त्वरा
earlier- अधिक लवकर, वेळेच्या आधी
expected- अपेक्षित असे
very roughly- ओबडधोबड

as good- इतकं चांगलं 

as designed - जसा आराखडा केला तसा
informed-  कळवणे
hand over- ताबा देणे
arrived- आला, आली, आगमन झाले .
site- ठिकाण
legal documents - कायदेशीर कागदपत्रे
Instead - त्याऐवजी
broad smile- खुशीत हसणे
beaming- हसरा, आनंदी, उत्साही
happy tone - आनंदी स्वरात, हर्षभरीत आवाजात
ownership - मालकीपणा 

Meaning in English 

mason - one who builds with stone, bricks, cement etc.
strove - made great efforts etc.
dedication : commited to task or purpose
zeal: great enthusiasm and energy in one's efforts.
diligence  - constant careful efforts
persistence - continuous efforts
recompensed - money given for work done
disheartened: felt disappointed
to no avail : of no use
reluctance : unwillingness
legal -  connected to law
beaming -  smiling with great joy

Margin Questions 

What shock awaited the mason?
Ans:- Mason did not know about , contractor would do so,that he will give ,keys of new house to mason. The contractor had given the new house to the mason as gift for his good work done before. That was the great shock that awaited the mason. The new house with his bad workmanship now belonged to him as a gift from the contractor.
Why was the mason a very good workman?
Ans :- He used high quality construction material, his measurements of every part of the structure was perfect and his finishing touch to everything was excellent. His zeal, diligence, loyalty and persistence and all his work made him a good workman.

What sudden decision did the mason take?
Ans :- Being a firm-minded person, he informed his contractor of his decision to retire from house-building. The contractor was very disheartened to lose such an excellent workman and urged the mason to continue his job, but to no avail. The mason had made up his mind and refused to carry on.
What was the contrast in the workmanship of the last house?
Ans. The mason did not put his careful attention in his work. His work was rough and was done without interest or dedication.

Reading Skills, Vocabulary and Grammar

Q.1. Read the following passage carefully and do the activities:
A1. Simple Factual Activities:
(1) Complete the following sentences using correct information from the passage

(i) The mason fetched good business to .............................
(ii) The mason made great efforts to do his
work ...........................
(iii)................................................................... , were more than happy with the mason's construction.
(iv) The mason continued working till ........ 
..............................................

Ans:- (i) his contractor.
( ii) to perfection.
(iii ) The owners of new houses built
(iv)  he became a grandfather.
(2) Say  whether  the  following statements are True or False :
Statements:
(i) The mason refused to carry on his work.
(ii) The mason did not get salary.
(iii) The contractor was happy about the mason's retirement.
(iv) The mason worked with the contractor for many years.
(v) The mason took a sudden decision of retirement.
Ans : (1) True (2)  False (3) False (4) True       
         (5)True

A2. Complex Factual Activity:

Answer in your words:

(1) The owners of the new house built by the mason would be extremely  pleased. WHY? 

Ans. The mason was a very good workman. He used to take great interest  in his work of building and did it with ful dedication. He was very honest in choosing high quality construction material. He took all the measurements of walls, doorways arches, etc. perfectly. Whatever he built his finishing was excellent and appealing. Naturally, the owners of the new house built would be extremely pleased.

 (2) The mason made a firm decision to retire. WHEN? 

Ans. The mason was working hard and sincerely for many years with the contractor.

He had settled his family nicely and without any scarcity of any kind. When he became a grandfather, he thought that it was the right time for him to retire. He informed his contractor about his retirement and he was firm about his decision.

(3) The contractor compensated for the mason's good work. HOW? 

Ans. The contractor was pleased with the mason's good work that fetched him good business. So afterwards the contractor compensated him handsomely, with a very good salary that was sufficient to meet all needs of the mason's family.

(4) The mason was a very good workman. WHY?

Ans. He started his work without wasting his time. He took great interest in his work of building and worked with full dedication. He used high quality construction material, his measurements of every part of the structure was perfect and his finishing touch to everything was excellent. His zeal, diligence, loyalty and persistence and all his work made him a good workman.

A3. Activities based on Vocabulary: 

(1) Find the noun forms of the following from the passage : (Answers are given directly.)

Ans. (1) dedicate-dedication

(2) measure-measurement

(3) decide-decision

(4) perfect-perfection

(5) responsible-responsibility

(6) persist-persistence 

(2) Choose the proper phrase/ expression given in the brackets to complete   the sentences  meaningfully.

(to send for, with full dedication, in great demand, to meet the needs of, to make up one's mind, to no avail.)

(1) She does her job ..................................

(2) One should .................................. to help others, when needed.

(3) The labourer's income was not sufficient  

 ........................................ his family.

(4) Because of a fault in the wiring, they will have ................................ an electrician. 

(5) Mother tried hard to change her son's

habits, but ..............................

(6) Mangoes from Ratnagiri are always

 ......................................

Ans:-  (1)  with full dedication 

(2) make up one's mind

(3) to meet the needs of

(4)  to send for

(5)   to no avail.

(6)  in great demand

(3) Homophones :

Words that have the same sound/ pronunciation, but differ in spellings and meanings are called Homophones. For example: hair-hare

ज्या शब्दांचे उच्चार सारखे (समान) असतात परंतु त्यांचे स्पेलिंग व अर्थ वेगवेगळे असतात, तेव्हा त्या शब्दांना Homophone (हॉमोफोन्) असे म्हणतात.

A) Pick out from  the  lesson  Homophones of the following words:

(Answers are given directly.)

(1) waist - .....................   (2) knew ...................

(3) lose   ...................   (4) maid   ...................

(5) grate   ...................

Ans:- (1) waste (2)  new   (3)  loose  (4)made  

      (5) great

(B) Select any three pairs of homophones from above and make simple sentences of your own to show the difference in their meaning:

(1) (i) He put both his hands on his waist.

(ii) I don't like to waste my time in gossips.

(2) (i) I knew all his family members.

(ii) He has bought a new car.

(3) (i) Our maid is always clean and tidy.

(ii) We made a kite ourselves.

(6)(4) Find and write the qualities mason!

Ans. Qualities of the mason : good workman, responsible, dedication, perfection, zeal, diligence, loyalty persistence, devotion.

A-4. Activity based on Contextual Grammar:

Do as directed :

(1) As soon as the details were finalized, they sent for the mason. (Rewrite the sentence beginning with No sooner......)

Ans. No sooner were the details finalised than they sent for the mason.

(2) The mason fetched good business to his contractor. (Frame a wh-question to get the underlined words as answer.)

Ans. What did the mason fetch to his contractor.

A5. Personal Response:

Have you met any retired persons? What do they generally do after their retirement? 

Ans. Yes, I meet some retired person in our building every day. They have formed a senior citizen's club. They come together in the morning and evening on our terrace or the space provided for them on the ground floor. They enjoy the activities that suit to their age and health. They also enjoy their family life happily.

Q. 2. Read the following passage carefully and do the activities :

A1. Simple Factual Activity:

Read the sentences from passage and put the right or wrong signs for them. (Answers are given directly.)

(1) The mason agreed happily to build one last house for the contractor.

(2) The mason just wanted to complete the last work in hurry.

(3) The contractor had given the new house to the mason as a gift.

(4) The mason put a lot of effort doing his construction work.

Ans:- (1)wrong

(2)right 

(3)right

(4) wrong

A2. Complex Factual Activity:

(1) What was the contrast in t workmanship of the last house? 

Ans. The mason did not put his carefully attention in his work. His work was roug and was done without interest or dedicatio His building material was of low quality. He had completed his work hastily and roughl Because of rough structure, weak wall poor finish the workmanship was not goo at all, as designed. It was far away from h original workmanship.

 (2) What shock awaited the mason? 

Ans. The mason was waiting for the contractor to hand over the keys to the house to him. He gave the keys to him but the contractor instead, handed over the legal documents and the keys of the new house! the mason. The contractor had given the new house to the mason as a gift for his good work done before. That was the great shock that awaited the mason. The new house with his bad workmanship now belonged to him as a gift from the contractor. You reap what you sow!

A3. Activities based on Vocabulary : 

(1) Find from the story the noun forms of the following:

(Answers are given directly.)

(1) own-ownership

( 2) give-gift

(3) agree-agreement

(4) construct-construction

(2) Choose from the brackets the proper phrase/expression to complete the sentences meaningfully :

(of low quality, to hand over, as a special favour, put one's mind and heart.)

(1) As Mr. Jadhav was transferred  to Chennai he had ............................... his responsibilities to his assistant.

(2) The material used for making the doll was .......................

(3) There was so much commotion that he could not ........................................... in his studies.

(4) The owner gave his servant one y month's extra salary ................................. for

his honesty. 

Ans : - (1) to hand over (2) of low quality.

 (3)  put his mind and heart  (4) as a special favour

(3) Pick  out from the passage Homophones of the following words :

(1) won - one

(2) sight -site

(3) week - weak

(4) would-wood

(5) sea - see

A4. Activities based on Contextual Grammar:

Do as directed :

(1) The contractor said to the mason, "These are the ownership documents of this new house in your name."

(Change into Indirect speech.)

Ans. The contractor told the mason that those were the ownership documents of that new house in his (mason's) name.

(2) The house was ready earlier.

(Add a question tag.)

Ans. The house was ready earlier, wasn't it?

(3) He did his work very roughly. 

(Change the voice. Begin with-His work...)

Ans. His work had been done roughly. 

(4) Yet the mason did not care. 

(Rewrite the sentence using 'Past Perfect Tense'.) 

Ans. Yet the mason had not cared.

Language Study/Activities

(A) Do as directed :

(1) Complete the words by using correct letters:

(1)_ aso_

(2) i_ter_ st

(3) ar_hi_ect

(4) ho_ _e

Ans.(1) mason (2) interest

(3) architect (4) house

(2) Copy the sentences correctly in your notebook :

(1) The mason always strove to do his work to perfection.

(2) How roughly he did his work!

(3) The mason gave the house's keys to him.

(4) What did the contractor give him?

(3) Put the words in alphabetical order:

(i) house, zeal, continued, devotion

(ii) would, wasting whatever, without

Ans. (i) continued, devotion, house, zeal

(ii) wasting, whatever, without, would

(4) Punctuate the following: 

(1) dont run dear dilip.

(2) he said what a simple boy he is

Ans. (1) "Don't run, dear Dilip."

(2) He said, "What a simple boy he is!" 

(5) Make four words (minimum 3 letters) using the letters in the word 'disheartened':

Ans. heart, dish, hear, dear

(6) Spot the error and rewrite the correct sentences :

(1) These is the ownership documents. 

(2) The house has yours.

Ans.

(1) These are the ownership documents.

(2) The house is yours. 

(7) Write the related adjectives for the following noun :

house:- 

nice , rental , beautiful , large, little, big, 

(8) Complete the word chain of nouns. Add four words, each beginning with the last letter of the previous word.

Wall → lock  →   kite → east → toy→ 

(B) Do as directed:

 (1) Make meaningful sentence by using the phrase 'to meet the needs':

  Ans. The poor man was unable to meet the needs of his family.

(2) Add a prefix or suffix to make new words and use one of it in your own sentence:

(1) comfortable (2) popular

Ans. (1) Uncomfortable (2) unpopular Sentence: He felt uncomfortable among the celebrities.

(3) Add a clause to expand the sentence meaningfully. They did not know  ...............

Ans. They did not know what problem was waiting for them.

Oral Work/Activity

Read the following words from the story aloud and fill them in the proper groups/ columns.

(story, work, perfection, architect leave, building, full, door, way, quality responsibility, measurement, great, many avail, excellent, material, complete sufficiently, ready, documents, broad, happy,  ownership, subsequently, complete)

{ One syllabic , Two syllabic, Three syllabic} 

One syllabic:- work , leave, full, door, way,  great  , avail ,  broad

Two syllabic :- story, many, complete, ready

happy, building, excellent, ownership architect

Three syllabic:- perfection, quality

measurement, material , complete , documents

More than three syllables :- responsibility,  

sufficiently ,  subsequently

Writing Skill

Always do your best. What you plant  now, you will harvest later.

 Write a paragraph on the above topic with an interesting example of the same.

Ans:- 

No pains, No Gains

Man is the architect of his own future. If you go on working hard sincerely, you will get the fruits of your work in future. Whatever your position in the society in the beginning you strive and reach the highest position that others will envy. If you do good deeds you will be rewarded with good life sooner or later. We cannot sow something bad or evil and hope to reap another harvest. If a man plants virtue, purity and moral  values, he will pluck golden fruits of success and supreme happiness. The students who desire good marks and great success should put in enormous efforts to reach that destination. There are many great people in different fields who struggled against every odds in the beginning but at the end they were rewarded with good, sweet fruits of life. Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar, Late Shri Dhirubhai Ambani, our Prime Minister Narendra Modi and many others are the ideal examples of this. Right actions, thoughts will fetch right results.

In short, one will get award in proportion to one's hard work and labour. Those who work hard and prevail in difficult days, rise in their life. So whatever you do, do your best. That will bring you fortune, comfort, success, position and great achievements tomorrow.